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Geography
Satna district has Uttar Pradesh
on the north, Rewa on the east, Shahdol on the
southwest, Umaria and Katni districts
on the south, and Panna on the west.[1]
The district is part of Rewa Division.
The district is divided into the tehsils of Amarpatan, Maihar, Nagod and Raghuraj
Nagar. Satna town is situated in Raghuraj Nagar tehsil.
History
Satna district is part of the Baghelkhand
region, a very large portion of which was ruled by the Rewa. A small portion of the western region was ruled by
feudatory chiefs under the British. There were eleven such states, namely
Maihar, Nagod, Kothi, Jaso, Sohawal, Baraundha and the five Chaube Jagirs of
Paldeo, Pahra, Taraon, Bhaisundha and Kamta-Rajula.[2]
The early Budhist books, the Mahabharata
etc. link the Baghelkhand tract with rulers of the Haihaya, Kalchuri or Chedi
clan, who gained sufficient importance in the 3rd century CE. They had their
capital at Mahishmati (identified by some with Maheshwar in Khargone District),
from where they seem to have been driven eastwards. They had acquired the fort
of Kalinjara (a few miles beyond the border of the district, in Uttar Pradesh),
and with that as base, they extended their dominious over Baghelkhand. During
the 4th and 5th centuries, the Gupta dynasty
held sway over the area. The feudatory chiefs of Uchchakalpa (Unchehra in Nagod
tehsil) and the Parivrajak Rajas of Kot (in Nagod tehsil) held their own. The
chief stronghold of the Chedi clan was Kalinjar, and their proudest title was
Kalanjaradhishwara (Lord of Kalanjar). The Kalchuris received their first blow
at the hand of Chandel chief Yashovarmma (925-55), who seized the fort of
Kalinjar and the tract surrounding it. The Kalchuris were still a powerful
tribe and continued to hold most of their possessions until the 12th century.[2]
The chiefs of Rewas were Baghel Rajputs descended from the Solanki clan.
Vyaghra Deo, brother of the ruler of Gujarat, made his way into northern India
about the middle of the 13th century and obtained the fort of Marpha, 18 miles
north-east of Kalinjar. His son Karandeo married a Kalchuri (Haihaya) princess
of Mandla and received in dowry the fort of Bandhogarh (now in the tehsil of
the same name in Shahdol district), which, until its destruction in 1597 by Akbar was the Baghel capital.[2]
In 1298, when Ulugh Khan drove the
last Baghel ruler of Gujarat from his kingdom. It caused a considerable
migration of the Baghels to Bandhogarh. Until the 15th century the Baghels of
Bandhogarh were engaged in extending their possessions and escaped the
attention of the Delhi kings. In 1498-9, Sikandar Lodi
failed in his attempt to take the fort of Bandhogarh. The Baghel king
Ramchandra (1555–92), was a contemporary of Akbar. After the death of
Birdhabra, Ramchandra's son, a minor named Vikramaditya acceded to the throne
of Bandhogarh. His accession gave rise to disturbances. Akbar intervened and
captured and dismantled the Bandhogarh fort in 1597 after a seize of eight
months. It is after this that the town of Rewa started gaining in importance.[2]
In 1803, after the treaty of
Bassein, the British made overtures of alliance to the ruler of Rewa, but the
latter rejected them. In 1812, during the time of Raja Jaisingh (1809–35), a
body of Pindaris raided Mirzapur from Rewa territory. Upon this Jaisingh was
called upon to accede to a treaty, in which he acknowledged the protection of
the British Government, and agreed to refer all disputes with neighbouring chiefs
to their arbitration and to allow British troops to march through or be
cantoned in his territories. At the mutiny of 1857, Maharaja Raghuraj Singh
helped the British in quelling the uprisings in the neighbouring Mandla and
Jabalpur district, and in Nagod which is now a part of Satna district. For
this, the king was rewarded by restoration to him of the Sohagpur (Shahdol) and
Amarkantak parganas, which had been seized by the Marathas in the beginning of
the century. The rulers of Rewa State bore the title of 'His Highness' and
"Maharaja" and received a salute of 17 guns. Most of the Raghuraj
Nagar and entire Amarpatan tehsil of the present Satna district were in the
Rewa State prior to the formation of Vindhya Pradesh.[2]
Economy
In 2006 the Ministry
of Panchayati Raj named Satna one of the country's
250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[3]
It is one of the 24 districts in Madhya Pradesh currently receiving funds from
the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[3]
Demographics
According to the 2011 census Satna District has a population of 2,228,619,[4]
roughly equal to the nation of Latvia[5]
or the US state of New Mexico.[6]
This gives it a ranking of 203rd in India (out of a total of 640).[4]
The district has a population density of 297 inhabitants per square kilometre
(770 /sq mi) .[4]
Its population
growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was
19.17%.[4]
Satna has a sex ratio of 927 females for every
1000 males,[4]
and a literacy rate of 73.79%.[4]
In the 2001 census, Satna district
had a total population of 1,868,648, out of which 970,114were males and 898,534
were females. Decadal growth in 1991-2001 was 27.52. Sex ratio was 926. Density
of population was 249 / km2.[7]
Languages
Among the languages spoken in Satna
is Bagheli, which has a lexical similarity of 72-91% with Hindi[8]
(compared to 60% for German and English)[9]
and is spoken by about 7 800 000 people in Bagelkhand.[8]
Tourist
attractions
Chitrakoot
Chitrakuta is a town of religious, cultural, historical and
archaeological importance, situated in the Satna district in the Bundelkhand
region of Madhya Pradesh, bordering the Chitrakoot district in Uttar Pradesh,
India. It is known for numerous temples and sites mentioned in Hindu mythology.
Chitrakuta’s spiritual legacy stretches back to legendary ages. It was in these
deep forests that Rama, Sita and his brother Lakshmana
spent eleven and half years of their fourteen years of exile. The great sage Atri, Sati Anusuya, Dattatreya, Maharshi Markandeya,
Sarbhanga, Sutikshna and various other sages, seers, devotees and thinkers
meditated here. The principal trinity of the Hindu pantheon, Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesh, took their incarnations here.
Maihar
Maihar
has a temple by the name of Sharda Devi situated on the top of a hill
about 5 km from the center of the town. This temple is known for its
stairway of more than 1,000 steps. Millions of devotees throng to the temple
throughout the year.
Griddhraj
Parvat
Griddhraj Parvat (Hindi: गृद्घराज पर्वत,
the hill of vultures), is a hill of religious, archeological and
ecological importance situated in Devrajnagar village of tehsil Ramnagar in
Satna district. It is located 8 km from the town of Ramnagar. Griddhraj
Parvat is of great religious importance in Hindu mythology.
It was mentioned in Skanda Purana as ‘Griddhanchal Parvat’.[11]
It is believed to be the birthplace of ‘Sampati’, the
brother of Griddhraj ‘Jatayu’ mentioned in Ramayana. The poet
Kalidas mentions this place as the most sacred in his book
‘Griddharaj Mahatmya’ (Narad Uvach). He wrote that a dip in the Manasi Ganga River originating from Griddhraj Parvat, at an
altitude of 2,354 feet, absolves all kinds of sins. Sons of Brahma and then goddess Parvati
first saw this hill. It is also mentioned in Shiva Samhita.[12]
Chinese traveller Fa-hien visited this place and mentioned it.[13]
Other
places
- The Tulsi museum at Ram Van has many unique artistic
sculptures of ancient times found in this area.
- Lord Shiva
Temple at Birsinghpur (Satna district) is also a famous and old temple in
the region.
Apart from tourism, Satna also hosts
a number of industries, primarily concrete and steel. Satna is also viewed as
one of the better commercial towns of eastern Madhya Pradesh.
- Lord Hanuman Temple in Ramsthan is a famous Siddhpeeth
where thousands of people come with their wishes.
Khamhariya Tiwariyan is a village in Satna district of Madhya Pradesh, India.
The place is renowned for Dolomite mines. Also, there is one cement factory in
the place which has led many to migrate to other places. The place is linked
with the main center of the city as it is just 8 km from Satna. Not so
developed people from the village have migrated to many places in the district
and other places in India in search of employment and education.
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